Modern art siding

ABSTRACT

A SIDING APPARATUS FOR PLACEMENT ON A WALL SURFACE, FABRICATED FROM A PLURALITY OF SIMILARLY CONNECTED CONVEX CRESCENT-SHAPED ELEMENTS WHOSE ENDS FORM ARC-SHAPED ELEMENTS CONNECTED TO AN OBLIQUE ANGLE PORTION WHICH AT THE END INTEGRALLY FORMS A SLOTTED JOINT FOR DETACHABLE SLIDABLE ENGAGEMENT WITH A CORRESPONDIG SLOTTED JOINT OF AN ADJACENT SIDING. EACH SIDING MEMBER MAY BE FASTENED TO THE WALL SURFACE BY NAILS RECEIVED IN APERTURES IN SPACEDAPART RELATION WITHIN THE INTERLOCKING PORTIONS. THE SIDING APPARATUS PERMITS ENTRAPMENT OF A DESIRABLE INSULATING AIR SPACE BETWEEN THE WALL SURFACE AND THE SIDING.

Oct. 12, 1971 s. COSTELLU MODERN ART SIDING Filed May 8. 1969 4 Sheets-Sheet R Oct. 12, 1971 5, @QSTIELLQ M1 MODERN ART SIDING Filed May 8, 1969 41 Sheets-$110M 3 Oct. 12, 1971 s. COSTELLO MODERN ART SIDING Filed May 8, 1969 FIGNIQE 4 Sheets-Sheet 4,

FIG. I 3.,

IN VENTOR.

United States Paten 3,fill,fi60 Patented Oct. 12, I971 3,611,660 MODERN ART SIDING Steve Costello, 236 Barrow St., Jersey City, NJ. 07302 Continuation-impart of application Ser. No. 682,909, Nov. 14, 19 67. This application May 8, 1969, Ser. No. 839,754

Int. Cl. E04d 3/30, 3/361 US. Cl. 52-3141 6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This application is a continuation-in-part of my pending application Ser. No. 682,909 filed Nov. 14, 1967 entitled Modern Art Siding and now abandoned.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF INVENTION A modern art siding unit of sheet metal (aluminum), or other somewhat material, which combines, in its characteristic moulded shape, the routine qualities of a good siding unitinsulation, because of its shape the highly desirable air space between unit and building, ease of installation, economy of cost and weather resistance without maintenanceplus an automatic self-locking edge which secures the units in place and permits them to be linked together in a chain before installing and which covers the nailing for the most part; plus the capacity to eX- tend or contract the stretch of the units in the act of installing them, by adjusting units to fit so that they will cover any length of wall without cutting a unit; plus the overlapping of adjacent courses so that any height of building may be covered without cutting a unit; plus an ability to apply the unit around a corner without cutting it; plus a decorative value in its contours; plus versatility in the unit whereby it may be applied in courses running vertically, horizontally, or partly in each, in checkerboard patterns of vertical and horizontal, or in more complex patterns, around cornices, embellishing windows or turning corners in such a variety of ways that the patterns which can be formed are unlimited; plus lesser features which are novel in combination with the above. This unit has a certain flair. It possesses a natural talent for covering a wall, and a special gift for making new walls out of old; this unit from open stage is capable of being reduced in a compact size for easier handling.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings, wherein similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views:

FIG. 1 is a top view of the apparatus according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the invention disclosing the mating of two siding units;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a unique positioning of a siding unit;

FIG. 5 is another perspective view of the member of FIG. 4 in a diiferent positioning;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the invention revealing a unique application for turning a corner;

FIG. 7 discloses a perspective view of the invention in which two siding members slidably engage one another;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the invention disclosing adjacent placement of the members positioned vertically and horizontally;

FIG. 9 shows an enlarged perspective view of an inventive siding having an aperture for receiving a nail;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional top view disclosing the interlocking and cooperating of two adjacent members;

FIG. 11 is a front view disclosing various modes of expansion of the inventive siding;

FIG. 12 is a front view of the siding positioned horizontally;

FIG. 13 is another plan view disclosing horizontal positioning of a matching corner unit;

FIG. 14 discloses a front plan view of the siding containing indicia of an art design;

FIG. 15 discloses a top view of the siding in a folded configuration for moving or storage;

FIG. 16 is a top view of the siding according to the invention in an unstressed condition; and

FIG. 17 shows the siding in top view, partially extended.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION The invention will now be more fully described, referring to the sheets of drawings.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view, showing one siding unit from the top view, showing the character of the design and the grooves (or slot) portions at the edges, for connecting two or more units.

FIG. 2 illustrates a full view of a modern art siding unit in a front-to-front perspective vertical position. The siding unit also can be applied horizontally or reversed back-to-front, also vertically or horizontally. The siding unit once molded or shaped into its design, will measure 28 inches in length, and 32 inches in width. Although it can also be molded or shaped in any size, larger or smaller, I recommend the measurements that I have just mentioned. The siding units can be shaped out of any metal, plastics composition, and. any elastic material. I recommend aluminum or stainless steel. For a more complete detail of the siding unit, let us refer to the drawing FIG. 2. The unit is applied to any surface or wall of building by means of nails (or like) E in pre-drilled holes. The siding unit is comprised of two slot portions (or grooves) one on each edge of the siding units A8 and A1, which the slot portions are formed lengthwise running parallel with creased portions of said unit so as to slide into the adjoining units for interlocking relationship. There are two oblique portions A7 and A2; also two are portions A6 and A3 and two convex crescent portions A-5 and A4. These alternating segments are designed to extend and to contract manually by the installer to fit the wall laterally by using the siding units either horizontally or vertically, frontally or reversed front to back, giving the same mechanical functions and producing a variety of different views. The unit mode for tension is shown in FIGS. 15, 16 and 17.

FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective from ground view of two modern art siding units, in a front vertical position. The modern art siding units A and All are shown at a corner D of a building; two single units A and A1 are joined together by their automatic double self interlocking slot portion system, slot portion 8 of unit A and slot portion 1 of unit A1 as shown in FIG. 10, which slot portion 1 of unit A, being previously attached to wall B and nailed E as shown in FIG. 2. Then nailed slot portion 8 of unit A, to corner D through pre-drilled holes 9, as

illustrated in FIG. 9. Then slot portion 1 of unit A1 is slid into slot portion 8 of unit A, as shown in FIG. 7, to conceal both nails and joint of units. Oblique portion 7 of unit A, and oblique portion 2 of unit A1, are now confronting one another, forming a double angle shape, With a flat face showing inside of angle shape which attaches on corner D, of building. The modern art siding unit A1 to the right of corner D, is brought flush with the face of building B1, and secured by nailing E (or the like), as in- FIG. 2, through pre-drilled holes 9 on groove portions 8 of unit A1, as shown in FIG. 9, and nailed in creases flushed to wall B1, top and bottom edges of said unit as in FIG. 2. This modern art siding unit A in the way it is molded, is capable of being assembled before attaching to surface wall B, by joining their automatic double self interlock, to any number of units in a lateral sequence, to fit wall B being worked on if desired, although unit A can be assembled, individually, as mentioned heretofore.

FIG. 4 shows one siding unit in a perspective from ground view, being in a front vertical position. The modem art siding unit A is put on the corner D, of building, two convex crescent portions 4 and S displaying a double crescent, producing a canal view, on the corner D, of the building; which slot portion 1, being previously attached to wall B and nailed E, as shown in FIG. 2. On the right side of corner D, unit is bent around and slot portion 8 of unit A is brought flush with the face of building B1, and secured by nailing (or the like) B, through pre-drilled holes 9, on slot portion 8, and crease portions also nailed E in flush to wall B1, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 9.

FIG. 5 shows one modern art siding unit in a perspective from ground view, being in a front vertical position. The modern art siding unit is applied on corner D, of building, displaying a single crescent portion on the corner D, in unit A slot portion 1, and crease portions are flush, and fastened to wall B as shown in FIG. 2, then bent around corner D, to right, and slot portion 8 is brought flush to face of wall B1 and fastened as shown in FIG. 2, while in the installation, units are flexible, extending or contracting, manually by the installer, as i'llustrating the flexibility in FIG. 11, to adjust crescent portions, as desired by stretching or contracting, manually more or less, or any other portion of the unit, this particular application of the art siding units has the capability of producing different effects, by choice of either crescent portion 4 or 5.

FIG. 6 shows one siding unit in a perspective from ground view, being in a front vertical position. The modern art siding unit turns and makes a corner D in a decorative and distinguished form. The angle are formed by oblique portion 7 and are portion 6 as illustrated, is applied over the corner D of the building, giving an angle arc corner view; on the left side of unit A slot portion 1 is flush and fastened onto wall B, oblique portion 7 and slot portion 8 is to the right side of corner D, and slot portion 8 is nailed B, through pre-drilled holes 9 on to wall B1 as in FIGS. 9 and 2. In regard of said unit, the unit can be adjusted before nailing by pulling manually around corner D sufficiently to produce the angle are or flat face angle selected to taste, and then secured by nailing, as mentioned; my particular siding, it is obvious could be applied to walls or surfaces or by turning and making a corner as illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6 and it is obvious that these units can be used from left to right, or vice versa, or from right to left, or front-tofront, or front-to-back on producing various extra views and connecting two or more units, before installing to wall or corner, by their slot (groove) portions system, if desired.

FIG. 7 illustrates two modern art siding units in a perspective from ground view, being in a front vertical position. The pair of units A and Al are designatin how they are being assembled by sliding together into position by their so-called automatic double self interlock systems, shows how two units are slid and joined together. In unit Al the angle formed by the oblique portion 2 and retroverted slot portion 1 slides downward longitudinally into slot portion 8 of unit A, whereby the two slot portions so engaged, each abutting an angle formed by the two units with its oblique portions, slot portion 1 of unit A1 is held in place between slot portion 8 of unit A; against the angle between slot portion 1 of unit A1, and oblique portion 2 of unit A1, linking the two oblique portions 2 and 7 of both units together forming an angle and thus joined together, forming an automatic double self interlock engagement of both units and forming a double angle, shape, with a flat face inside of it. Also vice versa; unit A shows how slot (or groove) portion 8' slides upward into groove portion 1 of unit A1 longitudinally. In unit A the angle formed by the oblique portion 7 and retroverted slot portion 8 slides upward longitudinally into groove portion I of unit A1; whereby the oblique portion 7 of unit A, and retroverted slot portion of unit A1, and oblique portion 2 of unit A1, and retroverted slot portion 8 of unit A, forms an angle and thus joined together, forming an automatic double self interlock engagement of both units forming a double angle shape with a flat face inside it therefore concealing both joints and nailing, and slide into connection the two units together as shown, and also as illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG. 10. This assembling operation could be performed by inserting two or more units together, before applying to wall or surface, if desired, or they could be applied, one by one, to wall or surfaces as mentioned and shown in figures thereof. Engaging the siding unit to the adjoining unit ONLY by sliding their slot portion into the adjoining unit. To disengage the units from one another, which are engaged in their automatic self double interlock system, the units must be slid apart from one another from their slot portions in the same manner, only by sliding the units apart from each other, either downwardly or upwardly.

FIG. 8 is illustrating a front perspective view, which shows a number of modern art siding units, units A, units Al, unit A2, and unit A3. Units A and units A1 are in a horizontal position and units A2 and A3 are in a vertical position, with their alternating segments. Units A and units A1 show a decorative corner on a corner of a building D, horizontally. One of the units A, and one of the units A1 are combined together, and abutting one another, making the corner D, applied front-to-front, the horizontal units A, are overlapping one on top of another in a vertical position (the overlap of units A and A1 is not shown in FIG. 8 but is exactly the same overlap as shown for units A2 and A3 in FIG. 8 and installed in the same manner, all as explained below for units A2 and A3 so that the horizontal units A1, are overlapping vertically) which gives units sliding adjustment to adjust manually by overlapping vertically A2 with A3 or horizontally to fit longitudinally. The units AA with A, and A1 with Al, the units A1 are extending horizontally in a sequence to the corner D and units A the same. The siding units of the corner D are thus nailed E, through pre-drilled or (punctured), holes A10 referring to FIG. 9, also nailed E referring to FIG. 2. To make a corner angle D in horizontal courses, FIG. 8, two units are cut to fit at corner D as shown. The method of cutting the units to fit one another, where they meet at a corner, is explained in detail in connection with FIGS. 12 and 13. Cutting the corner units of the courses A and A1 along the lines indicated by the dotted black lines in FIGS. 12' and 13 prepares the units for horizontal course installation at corner D of FIG. 8. Trimming was performed on horizontal unit A as on dotted black lines, as shown in FIG. 12 and horizontal corner unit of course Al was trimmed on dotted black lines as shown in FIG. 13 upon being applied to vertical corner D, the two trimmed horizontal corner units, at corner D, A and A1 should carry the same measurernents for the angle to which they are applied (as explained in detail for FIGS. 12 and 13'). The corner units so cut fit together along the curved line marking the vertical corner D in FIG. 8. The same FIG. 8 shows also two modern art siding units A2 and A3 applied in a vertical position, the top edge of the vertical unit A2 is superimposed over the horizontal slot portion A8 of horizontal unit A1 and abutting up on the bottom of hori zontal oblique portion A7 of horizontal unit A1 thereby forming the soflit of the horizontal units Al, shows also the said horizontal slot portion A8 of horizontal unit Al, the two straight dotted black parallel horizontal lines, designate the continuation of said horizontal slot portion A8 of horizontal unit A1 behind the vertical unit A2. The vertical unit A3 with the dotted black curved lines comprises one full and complete siding unit which is being overlapped by vertical unit A2. The particular overlapping of units is by sliding and adjusting manually upwardly or downwardly as needed to reach longitudinally the number of inches, so as to adjust to fit, without cutting the unit. The overlapping recommended is one inch although it can be still less than that. The vertical units A3 and A2 are set flush to surface and nailed E through pre-drilled holes A10 as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 2. The modern art siding unit can be used horizontally, vertically, frontto-front or turned front-to-back and in all of its features, without losing or detracting from their characteristic features. These features may be applied to any corner, or cornice, side walls or other surfaces. At the overlapping edges of the modern art siding units, if desired, rubber vinyl, plastic, metal strips, or any similar material, can be applied at the edges of the overlapping and thereby also make a decorative design. Although applicable if desired, it is not necessary to use such stripping. Although if desired at said trimmed adjacent horizontal units A and All at corner D as shown, may be applied a caulking compound, soldering, fiber glass or cement of some sort can be applied to the edge of trimmed adjacent units A and All, at corner D although it is not necessary, because the trimmed adjacent horizontal units A and A1 are abutting one another. Although horizontal units A and A1 are also if desired applicable at a corner in an untrimmed manner by adding an angle frame of some sort to cover said corner. Although there is another form of finishing said corner by simply applying the units in a vertical position at the said corner, and giving the choice and taste of any of the vertical portions or creases of unit, at said corner as shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 6, if units are applied horizontally on wall surface the vertical edge of horizontal unit superimposing on top of vertical slot portion and abutting the vertical oblique portion of vertical unit at said corner, and nailing E as referring to FIGS. 2 and 9 through pre-drilled or punctured hole A10 and thus makes a complete finished installation on corner and on wall surface, whereby either the top or bottom finishing end edges of vertical units, at corner if desired, a frame or the like can be applied on the top or bottom finishing end edges, to cover the finishing openings of vertical portions of vertical units, providing if vertical units are not abutting the horizontal units. Same applies to horizontal units when end edges are exposed, if not abutting the vertical units; in which horizontal abuts vertical and vertical abuts horizontal, and that covers by closing the open end edges thereof.

FIG. 9 shows an enlarged perspective sectional view of the slot portion (or groove) of a unit which shows in detail the retroverted slot portion, the pre-drilled (or punctured) hole and the nail. On the outer lip of slot portion A8 there is a punctured hole A10 as shown, so the nail E can go through the pre-drilled hole A10 of the outer lip of slot portion A8 so the nail E, including nail head, will not interfere with the outer lip of slot portion A8 which nail and nail head passes through the outer lip pre-drilled hole A10, reaching the inner lip of slot portion A9, which nail head E, fastened the inner lip A9 flushed to a surface or wall of building. Whereby the nailing of the slot portion will not interfere with the adjoining units slot portion which slides into place longitudinally, referring to FIG. 7 as illustrated, thereby concealing from external view, the joint and the pre-nailing of the unit which was nailed previously, whereby making simultaneously its own automatic self double locking joint, and thereby making a sequence of such units in a lateral position.

FIG. 10 is a top view of an enlarged sectional slot portion of two units A and Al the oblique elements of two units, and their two slot portions, 8 of unit A, and l of unit A1, in a joined position, with an automatic double self interlock, for a lateral sequence of any number of units, each joined to its neighbor in an automatic double self interlock concealed joint at each edge of such unit. Consisting of a retroverted lip forming a slot portion 8 of unit A and slot portion 1 of unit A1, as shown, and with a hole through the outer bend of the lips A9 and A10 as shown in FIG. 9 at top and bottom or elsewhere to permit nailing through, each joining edge being secured to its neighbor by sliding the one lip 8, of FIG. 10, of the unit A, through the slot portion along the neighbor lip 1 of unit A1, lengthwise of either slot portion as illustrated in FIG. 7. In FIG 10, the whole slot portion 8 of unit A, and slot portion 1 of unit A1, abutting, on the angle formed by the the oblique elements 7 of unit A and oblique element 2 of unit A1, in each unit, the said two oblique portions 7 and 2 and said slot portions 8 and 1 of said units blocking lateral motion of either lip out of either slot portion 8 of unit A, and slot portion 1 of unit All, forming an automatic double self interlock, against the neighbor unit, oblique portion 7 of unit A, and oblique portion 2 limitation of the freedom of motion of two neighboring units to motion along the slot portions. Both the joint and the nailing are in the finished installation completely concealed from view, and forming a double angle with a flat face inside of angle, engaged in a tight monolithic sealed double lock.

FIG. 11 illustrates one modern art siding unit, in a vertical front-to-front perspective view, the siding unit is illustrating three different functions. The siding unit is showing the flexibility feature of extending or contracting laterally. One siding unit can be extended or contracted one-quarter A) or more of its original size manually. In FIG. 11 the solid line A designates its normal state of expansion. In the same FIG. 11 the broken light lines A1 shows the same siding unit in a stretched out extended position, in the same FIG. 11 shows the broken darker lines A2 of the same siding unit in a contracted position. The way the modern art siding unit is shaped with its alternating segments, is made to contract or extend manually by the installer to fit wall laterally due to its flexibility. The flexibility the siding unit has, is made to turn, make, and seal, a corner in a wide variety of utilitarian patterns as illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6, turning the corner D without adding any additional members or shape, while at the same time if desired levels the face of the corner, if corner is off plumb. In FIG. 11 the flexibility the siding unit has, is made to contract or extend manually by the installer for the installation to fit the width or length of the wall either frontally, reversibly, horizontally, vertically and in all of its distinctive features. It can also be embodied on cornices, frames, etc. Any size wall can be covered either by installing the units to a surface or wall by starting at the bottom going upward or starting at the top going downward, or at any part of the surface. The modern art siding unit once assembled on a surface or wall of a building, does not crack, or open up upon contraction, expansion, settling or upon building going off plumb, due to the flexibility of the siding unit. Due to the siding units forming alternating segments, they create a great amount of air space between the wall and the siding unit. They are automatic self insulators for the surface being covered.

FIG. 12 illustrates a front plan view which is a part, of a modern art siding unit A in a horizontal position in which shows the black dotted straight and are lines indicating the preparation of the operation in performing the angle trimming an horizontal unit, for covering a corner, to be applied connecting two of the same horizontal units at a corner, as showing the horizontal units at corner D in FIG. 8; the idea to prepare and to make a right angle of two units for a corner covering. The vertical edge of horizontal unit A before unit is applied to corner, measurements were taken, by using a perpendicular measurement, measured, from the face of wall to the center point on the edge of horizontal crescent portion whether 4 or 5 of unit A and whatever measurement is given by the perpendicular measurement apply it, from vertical edge of horizontal unit A, the edge being applied at corner, on to horizontal edge N, of slot portion 8 of unit A, and mark a marking point of said given perpendicular measurement onto said horizontal edge N lengthwise from said vertical edge.

Apply same given perpendicular measurement onto horizontal crease M said crease M in between horizontal slot portion 8 and horizontal arc portion 7 of horizontal unit A, and from said vertical edge, mark a marking point, of said given perpendicular measurement, onto said horizontal crease M lengthwise.

Using the same given perpendicular measurement onto horizontal crease K said crease K between horizontal arc portion 6 and horizontal crescent portion 5, of unit A, and from said vertical edge, mark a marking point, of said given perpendicular measurement onto said horizontal crease K lengthwise.

Apply same given perpendicular measurement, onto horizontal crease J said crease J in between horizontal crescent portion 5, and horizontal crescent portion 4, of horizontal unit A, and from said vertical edge, mark a marking point, of said given perpendicular measurement lengthwise onto said horizontal crease J.

Apply same given perpendicular measurements onto horizontal crease I said crease I in between horizontal crescent portion 4, and horizontal arc portion 3 of horizontal unit'A, and from said vertical edge, mark a marking point, of said given perpendicular measurement on to horizontal crease I lengthwise.

Apply same given perpendicular measurement, on to horizontal crease G said crease G in between horizontal oblique portion 2, and horizontal slot portion 1 of unit A, and from said vertical edge mark, a marking point, of said given perpendicular measurement, on to said horizontal crease G lengthwise, and

Apply the same given perpendicular measurement, on to horizontal edge F, of horizontal slot portion 1 of unit A, and from said vertical edge mark a marking point of said given perpendicular measurement on to said horizontal edge F lengthwise.

Once the complete horizontal unit A has been marked on the creases, mentioned above, now draw straight lines, and arc lines on portions as follows in details and as shown the dotted lines in FIGS. 12 and 13.

From marking point, of horizontal edge N, draw a straight line on horizontal portion 8, to marking point on horizontal crease M, as shown.

From marking point of horizontal crease M draw a slant line on horizontal oblique portion 7, to said vertical edge of horizontal crease L, as shown.

From said vertical edge of horizontal crease H, draw an arc line on horizontal arc portion 6, to marking point on horizontal crease K, the highest point of the arc line where it touches the said vertical edge, as shown.

From marking point of horizontal crease K draw an arc line horizontal crescent portion 5, to marking point of horizontal crease J, the highest point of the arc line where it touches the said Vertical edges, as shown.

From marking point of horizontal crease I draw an arc line on horizontal crescent portion 4, to marking point on horizontal crease I, the highest point of the arc line where it touches the said vertical edge, as shown.

From marking point of horizontal crease I draw an arc line on horizontal arc portion 3, to said vertical edge of horizontal crease H, the highest point of the arc line where it touches the said vertical edge, as shown.

From said vertical edge of horizontal crease H, drawn a slant line on horizontal oblique portion 2, to marking point of horizontal crease G, as shown.

From marking point of horizontal crease G draw a straight line on horizontal slot portion 1, to horizontal edge F, as shown on FIGS. 12 and 13. Once the complete unit has been marked, now trim the unit for use by cutting along the lines so drawn (the black dotted straight and are lines of FIG. 12) and thus removing the material between said black dotted straight and arc lines and the adjacent edge of the unit.

Use same identical procedures, measurements and same methods, from horizontal unit A, FIG. 12 to trim horizontal unit A1 of FIG. 13 as detailed and as shown in FIG. 12 for FIG. 13.

FIG. 13 illustrates a front plan view which is a part of a modern art siding unit A1 in a horizontal position which shows the black dotted lines indicating the preparation for trimming the horizontal unit A1.

To trim horizontal unit A of FIG. 13 use the same procedures and same methods as described in the detail of horizontal unit A, as in FIG. 12. When both horizontal units A and A1 are trimmed off and carrying the same measurements as in FIGS. 12 and 13, the horizontal matching trim units will combine together and abut one another at the corner, displaying the horizontal units, and the finishing at vertical corner as depicted and shown at the corner D in FIG. 8. So as to do without any additional frames, or attachments, of any sort, to cover said corner, unless desired.

FIG. 14 illustrates a front plan view, in which shows the solid black horizontal and vertical lines indicate one full and complete siding unit in a horizontal position. The dotted black lines indicate the trimming for the angle, which is being applied on a corner cornice of .a building, where the corner to be turned by the cornice is not vertical, but a corner of a cornice of profile as in FIG. 14. Where the plane of the cornice 0-0 is inclined at an angle to the vertical, the method of marking the unit for cutting by shears (or the like) at the corner is the unit for cutting at the corner and is the same as described for FIGS. 12 and 13 but with the perpendicular measurements there described taken from the line 0-0 of the plane of the cornice to the crescent portions Whether 4 or 5 of unit instead of from the wall surface as in FIGS. 12 and 13. Instead of laying of the said perpendicular measurements from the vertical edge of the unit as in FIGS. 12 and 13, they are laid 01f from "a line P-P', FIG. 14, drawn on the unit at the same angle to the vertical edge of the unit which the slant of the desired cornice bears to the vertical. The matching corner to FIG. 14 bears the' same relation to FIG. 14 as FIG. 13 bears to FIG. 12, and therefore is not separately shown. Once the said corner cornice is covered with trimmed adjacent units as mentioned above, then continue with untrimmed horizontal units for covering and finishing the installation along said corner cornice. The horizontal installation of the horizontal units is in detail and as shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 8 for FIG. 14.

FIGS 15, 16 and 17 are illustrating a top view of the packing and opening of the modern art siding unit, manufactured with tension. FIG. 15 is in a fully packed position, FIG. 16 is in a half packed position, FIG. 17 is being partly opened, being almost at the last step before being a fully opened unit, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.

FIG. 15 illustrates the siding unit in a fully packed position showing one unit from a top view; the packing of the siding unit is held under tension between two portions of the same unit which are portions and 6. The inner portions of the siding unit which are held on the inside between said portions 5 and 6 are portions 4, 3, 2 and l of the same unit, on the outside of the same packed unit, two portions 7 and 8 of same unit are extending out. Once the unit is packed in place as in FIG. 15, the unit is held packed in place all by itself, automatically by its two portions 5 and 6 pressing and holding its own self with no accessories needed to hold said unit in place, making the unit easier to handle even upon installation or transportation due to its size being greatly reduced by being fully packed as shown in FIG. 15.

FIG. 16 illustrates the same siding unit in a top view position; the siding unit is in a half packed relaxed position without any pressure or tension; this relaxed position is normal. The siding unit manufactured with the state of tension, if fully opened as in FIGS. 1 and 2 the unit will be in a state of tension, and upon repacking the unit with both hands as to the FIG. 16 which is in the half packed position, the said unit will be in a tensionrelaxed position, without any pressure or tension and upon opening from the packed position, the said unit again to FIGS. 1 and 2, will have the state of tension. Opening the unit from the packed position or repacking the unit from the opened position, the unit will still function either with tension or tension relaxed.

FIG. 17 illustrates the same siding unit from a top view position, being almost in the last step before being a fully opened unit as in FIGS. 1 and 2. In this position FIG. 17, the siding unit has a slight pressure and tension, the siding unit if fully opened as in FIGS. 1 and 2 and on letting go with both hands the opened unit will snap back to FIG. 17, due to the pressure and tension the unit has. To repack the opened siding unit to any of the packed figures close the open unit with both hands, by reversing the packed figures of the drawings.

To open the siding units from their packed position, lets go back to FIG. 15, which is a top view of the siding unit. Hold the siding unit in a vertical position. The vertical side of the outer opening of the siding unit and the flat oblique portion 7 should face you. Hold with one hand on the vertical side of the unit, the two portions slot portion 8 and oblique portion 7 (not from the to but from the center lengthwise of the siding unit in a vertical position). Slot portion runs parallel with creased portions. With the other hand hold the two outer portions 4 and 5 not from the top but from the center lengthwise of the unit in a vertical position; do not cross arms; if arms are crossed, change hands around, then again hold the portions mentioned above. Now holding the siding unit with both hands lift the unit vertically then open slowly the unit just like opening a book until you hear a snap reaching the position as in FIG. 16, thus the siding unit has reached the neutral position, limiting the state of tension as shown in FIG. 16. Now being in the position as in FIG. 16 remove one hand from portions 4 and 5 while the other hand is still in the same position, holding same portions 8 and 7. Placing the removed hand Opened like a wedge in the vertical outside opening (not at the top but in the center lengthwise of the unit) between the slot portion 8, oblique portion 7 and are portion 3, the back of opened hand sliding inward along arc portion 3, simultaneously same hand pushing in with fingers and the Back of same hand extending the arc portion 3 away from slot portion 8 and away from oblique portion 7. The fingers of same opened hand reaching and touching inner oblique portion 2 and then with the thumb of same opened hand grasping and holding the two inner portions, slot portion 1 and oblique portion 2, the other hand still holding slot portion 8 and oblique portion 7; now holding the unit with both hands at the portions mentioned above, open the unit just a little, reaching the position as in FIG. 17, now being in the position as in FIG. 17. This is the last stage before opening the siding unit.

With one hand still on the two portions, slot portion 8 and oblique portion 7, and the other hand still on the other two portions, slot portion 1 and oblique portion 2, and still holding the siding unit in a vertical position, now with both hands, open again the siding unit just like opening a book, opening the siding unit to reach the position as in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. Thus the siding unit is opened. Do not let go of hands. The opened siding unit is still held in place held open by both hands, due to the pressure, tension and stability that the siding unit has. To bring back the siding unit to its normal relaxed stage or better said to close the unit as in FIG. 16, do not let go of both hands, due to the state of tension that the siding unit has, it will close rapidly as shown in FIG. 17. In this case, when siding unit is fully opened as in FIG. 2 and both oblique portions 2 and 7 are held by both hands, close with both hands the siding unit, slowly, until reaching the relaxed stage as in FIG. 16, or also bringing back the siding unit with both hands, back to its position as in FIG. 17, or even to the packed position as in FIG. 15.

Nailing is possible in any position, either first method, by unfolding the unit portion by portion on the wall laterally and simultaneously nailing creases, portion by portion; or, second method, by nailing the opened unit first by its two slot portions to join in between two siding units which are already fastened to wall (or like surface) apart from each other. If two units are fastened to the same wall (or surface), one on each end of a course and if it is desired that units may meet at the center of the course, upon installing a lateral sequence of such units, the adjoining unit joins both units at the center of wall, by sliding its both slot portions of the same adjoining unit between the two fastened units, sliding one slot portion into each fastened unit, making a complete full row (or course) of such units laterally, then nailing nail E to crease portions as in FIG. 2, although the units can be fastened on any part of wall or surface making a full row of such units.

To repack the modern art siding units back to their packed position as shown in FIG. 15, reverse the stages in the drawings from FIGS. 1 and 2 to FIG. 17, then by inserting the slot portion 1 of FIG. 17 toward the inner creased portion K, which is in between the portions 6 and 5 just as shown in FIG. 16, then before folding the siding unit to FIG. 15 first place in FIG. 16 the inner slot portion 1 and oblique portion 2 toward the inner crease portion I which is in between the portions 4 and 5 of same unit. Then place creased portion I which is between the portrons 3 and 4 placing the creased portion K which is in between portions 5 and 6 making a fully packed stage as in FIG. 15 although the modern art siding units can be packed completely opened, as in FIG. 2 fiat one on top of the other or one in another as in FIG. 17 and many other different ways. I recommend the units to be open from their folded packed position, and, folded back to their packed position, as in FIG. 2 and FIG. 15 as I mentioned in my specification, although the siding units can be opened in a lot of different ways, also it is understandable that my modern art siding units, can be in any of the figures mentioned in my specification, to be handled or to be installed on a wall (or like surface). The units do not have to be in one position to be installed, they can be in any position as in any of the figures; the units can also be placed or fastened on the interior or exteriors of a wall or surface.

Chaining: The modern art siding units can be joined together one by one, like a chain, before the installation to a wall or surface. Joining the units together by sliding their slot portion together, sliding one slot portion of a unit into the other slot portion of the adjoining unit (refer to drawing FIG. 7) forming a self-automatic double interlock engagement. Chaining the number of units required, for the rapid row (or course) covering surface, from one end of wall to the other end of wall, fitting the long dimension required and fastening the row of units in one installation. The chaining and engaging of the units can be done in all of the situations covered by the figures and'mentioned in my specification.

I The modern art siding units can be chained together by their automatic self double interlocking system, any number of units can be chained for the rapid length of wall covering, or one unit at a time can also be installed to the said wall (or surface) the units can be installed to wall in any of the features mentioned in my specification.

Installing the row of units which were chained together before the installation by their self double automatic interlock, a measurement is taken from one end of the wall to the other end of wall for a row (or course) covering of such units. Chaining before the installation the amount of units, one by one, making a series of such units, required for the installation, whether placing the units in vertical courses or horizontal courses, the units in the horizontal chains being in the vertical position and the units in the vertical chain being in the horizontal position. Once the chained row of units is set for the installation for said surface (or wall) a measurement is again taken, measuring the row covering of wall to be covered, dividing the said measurement of wall for the row covering (dividing) into the amount of units which are chained together, thus nailing to wall each automatic self double interlock engagement, of the slot portions, between each unit from said row of units; then measuring the width between the two slot portions of each unit, which is in the chained row covering, then dividing said measurement for the three crease portions of each unit which are flushed against the wall (or surface) then nailing the crease portions of said unit which are in the row covering installation as in FIG. 2 and if using the modern art siding unit in the back to front or front to back reversed position, this feature will show the unit with three crease portions pointing outward from wall and the crescent portions being flushed to wall (or surface). The unit has the view of four canals flushed to wall.

Nailing the crescent portions from the top center and bottom center of said unit flushed to wall and nailing the two crease portions which are in between the oblique and are portions, which said crease portions lie flushed against wall surface. The slot portion of said unit extends out away from wall surface. In this reversed front to back position, the siding units can be joined to other adjoining units or even a chain of units can be attached to said wall (or surface). And this reversed feature has the flexibility to extend or contract and to turn a corner in a wide variety of different views, and if desired, placing the unit in the reversed front to back position, the three crease portions and the crescent portions can be extended away from wall (or surface), also, the oblique portion if desired, can be extended away from said wall surface, or flushed to said wall surface, the slot portions of said unit can be off the wall, or if desired, can be nailed flush to wall, or slot portions can be nailed to wooden slats vertically or horizontally. Thereby again giving diflerent features, if desired, the reversed units still having the mechanical functions as mentioned in my specification.

Installing the units without chaining means, without being joined before installation. Installing one siding unit at a time on a wall (or like surface), the siding units can be installed flush to a wall (or like surface) in either position or in either figure mentioned in my specification. The fully opened unit can be nailed flush to wall by nailing first the slot portions, then nailing nail E to crease portions (as in drawing FIG. 2). Then, to adjoin another siding unit to unit which was previously nailed flush to wall, the adjoining unit with its slot portion slides into the adjoining units slot portion (as in FIG. 7) thereby making an automate self double interlocking engagement of two such units, then nailing again crease portions and slot portions (as in FIG. 2). If siding units are in the packed position as in FIG. 15, FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 if 12 desired, they are capable of being nailed flush to wall without unpacking the units before the installation. The unpacking of the unit will open portion by portion laterally simultaneously by nailing crease portions of unit, and unfolding the said packed unit laterally, against the wall (or surface), to open portion by portion even though the unit is packed in either position as in FIGS. 15, 16 and 17. The slot portion 8 easily joins another adjoining unit by its slot portion, even if the adjoining unit is nailed open on a wall (or like surface) or even before the installation of the adjoining unit to a wall (or like surface) joining of the two units are easily slid together just as in drawing FIG. 7. But in this case one unit would be in either packed position as in FIGS 15, 16 and 17, and the other adjoining unit would be as in any other figure or even both units could be in any of the packed positions and still the units can join one another by sliding their slot portions into one another.

The siding units, when they are packed as in any of the packed figures, either FIG. 15, 16 or 17, and nailing one said packed single unit by its portion slot 8 to another adjoining units slot portion previously flushed open and fastened to a wall (or like surface) the said single packed unit slot portion 8 whether nailed or slid onto another adjoining units slot portion, the said single packed unit is ready for unfolding laterally against wall (or like surface). Unfolding the said packed unit laterally to open the alternating segments portion by portion simultaneously nailing the crease portions of the unit portion by portion until the packed unit is fully opened and nailed flush to wall as in FIG. 2, E, although there are a lot of ways of nailing the unit if so desired, in vertical course, horizontal courses, or patterns combining both. Once the siding units are flushed secure on a wall (or like surface) as shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8, the siding units will be in a state of tension and under pressure the siding units will stand firm and will not rattle or squeak even in severe weather due to the molding of alternating segments the modern art siding unit has. I can manufacture the modern art siding unit fully opened as in FIG. 2 without any pressure or tension, so that the opened siding unit will not snap back to FIG. 17. The siding unit so molded without any pressure or tension, will stay fully open as in FIG. 2, and the same unit will still have the flexibility to turn a corner in a Wide variety of different modes, and the same unit can still have the flexibility to extend or contract manually to fit the width of the wall (or surface). The siding units can be manufactured with the state-of-tension, or without the state-of-tension.

The units when molded either with or without tension, will still give the same mechanical functions as mentioned 1n my full specification, with the exception of FIGS. 15, 16 and 17, each showing the packing and opening of the siding unit, which have the quality of the state-of-tension for packing or unpacking the unit, for better handling or transportation. The unit being in the finished installation to a wall (or surface) having the firmness and stability by hugging the wall due to the state-of-tension does not squeak or rattle even in severe weather. Manfacturing the siding units with the state-of-tension, their crease portions are pinched together more in the angle.

Upon openings such units would have more tension and would have the tendency to snap back to FIG. 17 which has slight tension, then by repacking the said unit manually to its normal relaxed stage as in FIG. 16 the unit would be in the tension-relaxed position. But upon unfolding the unit to the fully opened position of FIG. 2, the unit again, will have the state-of-tension and pressure, and, if repacking the unit again, as in FIG. 16 being in the half packed position, the tension will be relaxed. Regarding the modern art siding unit, any portion of the modern art siding unit can be manufactured independently or by composing the sheet material as one portion, as two portions or more together, manufacturing one quarter part unit, half part unit, three quarter part unit and a complete full unit.

(Example one) one oblique portion 7 and one are portion 6 with two retroverted joining edges, one on each end of portion; the retroverted joining edges running parallel lengthwise with crease portion thereby making one quarter part unit.

(Example two) one oblique portion 7, one arc portion 6, one convex crescent portion 5, with two retroverted joining edges, one on each side, the two retroverted joining edges, running parallel lengthwise with crease portions thereby making one half part unit.

(Example three) one oblique portion 7, one arc portion 6, two convex crescent portions and 4 with two retroverted joining edges, or either one oblique portion 7 one are portion 6 one convex crescent portion 5 another are portion 3 and another oblique portion 2 with two retroverted joining edges, one on each side, the two retroverted joining edges running parallel lengthwise with crease portions, thereby making a three quarter unit.

(Example four) oblique portion 7, arc portion 6, con vex crescent portion 5, convex crescent portion 4, are portion 3 and oblique portion 2, and, with two retroverted joining edges, one on each side; the two retroverted joining edges running parallel with crease portions, thereby making a full complete siding unit. The said part portions mentioned can be manufactured in a mixture of combinations of part portions, one crescent portion, two crescent portions or, as desired, the retroverted joining edges are what we call the automatic self double interlock slots." The single part or the combination of part portions will still have the same mechanical functions and features of the flexibility to contract, extend, to turn corners to chain before installation, or even one single part portion, or any part unit can be fastened to wall (or surface) and the said parts have all of the other functions and features of a complete original full modern art siding unit which can be manufactured in single part units, half part units, three quarter part units and full complete original units, each part being a separate piece, and, each one having two slot portions which can be used to cover any wall or surface, such as, cornices, frames, or, any other finishing trims.

Windows: The siding units, being in the vertical installation on a wall or surface, reaching the vertical edge of a window, no matter which vertical side of window, either the left or the right side of window, the said vertical siding unit with its vertical slot portion 1 or 8 (refer to drawing FIG. 2 for these designations of portions of unit) reaching said vertical edge of window, using either slot portion of the vertical units side, either slot portion 8 or slot portion 1, whichever slot portion is on the side of the window, once the units slot portion (either one) reaches the vertical side edge of window, fasten the said slot portion vertically along the vertical edge of said window either under, butting to or covering the frame, the slot portion of unit may act and serve as a vertical window trim on the vertical said edges of said window, eliminating the need for an additional finishing trim at the vertical side edges of window. Although if desired, a vertical trim of some other sort can be fastened on top of said vertical slot portion of unit, which is in the finished installation at the windows vertical side edges; fastening another unit in a vertical position over the horizontal top edge of same window, or, if fastening another vertical unit at the bottom of the horizontal edge of same window. A finishing trim of some sort, will be needed to abut along the vertical units cross-sectioned horizontal edge horizontally, at the top edge and at the bottom horizontal edges of window, to cover, seal, and make the finishing installation.

If using the siding units horizontally on a wall or like surface, thus reaching the horizontal edge of a Window, the slot portion either 8 or 1 (refer to drawing FIG. 2) of the unit would be fastened either at the top or at the bottom edges of windows which are also horizontal, fastening either of the slot portions of unit horizontally on the horizontal edge of said window, either at the top or at the bottom of said window, the horizontal slot portion of unit would then be in the finished installation on the horizontal edge of window, eliminating the need for horizontal trim; although, if desired, a trim of some sort may be applied over the finishing slot portions of unit which are already in the finishing installation horizontally. The horizontal units reaching the vertical edges of a window would need an additional vertical trim of some sort to cover the vertical cross-section of alternating segments of the horizontal unit and to seal, and make the finishing installation at the vertical edges of windows, if using the units in the horizontal position. When siding units are fastened vertically on a wall of a building in a lateral sequence, thus the vertical slot portion either 8 or 1 of unit, reach the vertical edge of a window of same wall, either right or left side of window.

Once fastening either vertical slot portion of unit to the said vertical edge of window, the slot portion of unit is in the finishing installation, eliminating the need for an additional trim, unless, if desired, a trim of some sort may be applied over the finishing vertical slot portion of unit. Another vertical unit with either of its slot portion 8 or ll, has also reached the other vertical edge of opposite side of same window, fastening its slot portion 8 or 1 of the unit on the said opposite vertical edge of said window, making the finishing installation with the vertical units slot portion either 8 or ll. (Refer to drawing FIG. 2 for these designations of unit portions.)

Leave the window exposed in between the row of units, which are in the vertical installation, and leaving the vertical slot portions of unit, as a finishing trim on the both vertical edges of said window. When fastening a horizontal unit on the top horizontal edge of same window which is between the two vertical rows (or course) of units and fastening another horizontal unit on the bottom horizontal edge of said window, also between the vertical rows of units, the top horizontal unit, its slot portion 1, which is at the bottom of the horizontal unit is fastened on the top of horizontal edge of said window, and the other horizontal unit which is fastened at the bottom edge of same window, its top slot portion 8 of said horizontal unit is fastened on the bottom horizontal edge of same window.

The slot portion of the two horizontal units which are fastened on the horizontal edges, top and bottom of window, are in the finished installation. Eliminating the need for an additional horizontal finishing trim, and also, elimimating the need for a vertical finishing trim, due to the siding units surrounding the said window, by their slot portions. The vertical siding units are fastened on the both vertical side edges of said window, and horizontal siding units are fastened on top and on the bottom horizontal edges of same window, the vertical edges of the horizontal units are abutting against the oblique portions 2 and 7 of the vertical units, just as the illustration in FIG. 8 shows. The vertical units running in a vertical course, are fastened along the both vertical edges of the said window, the vertical row or course of units run from the bottom edge of wall alongside the window to the top edge of wall, and placing the horizontal units on top of, and below the horizontal edges of said window, and in between the two courses of the vertical units, the vertical cross-sectioned edges of the horizontal units will abut on the both rows of the vertical units, abutting on their vertical oblique portions 2 and 7 just like in FIG. 8-in FIG. 8 the vertical units A2 abut on the horizontal units A1. But in this case, the horizontal units abut on the vertical units.

The horizontal unit, with its two cross-sectioned vertical side edges, if placed or fastened between two previously fastened vertical units, on top of the vertical slot portions of the two vertical units 1 and 8, the horizontal unit with its two vertical side cross-sectioned edges then will abut on one of each vertical units oblique portions 2 and 7. (Refer to drawing FIG. 2 for these designations of portions of units.) Or, if fastening the siding unit horizontally on a wall (or like surface), the horizontal unit can be abutted by a vertical unit, by either of its horizontal crosssectioned edges, either the top or the bottom of the horizontal cross-sectioned edges of the vertical unit. The vertical unit can be placed on either horizontal slot portion of the horizontal unit on the top or on the bottom portion 2 or 7. The horizontal cross-sectioned edge of the vertical unit, will abut on either horizontal oblique portion 2 or 7 of the horizontal unit. The modern art siding units will abut each other if placed in a Wide variety of different positions, for instance: as squares of checkerboard pattern, which are vertically and horizontally, also, a mixture of rows of units, one row vertically, the other row horizontally in a domino pattern, then again, one row vertically, then again, one row horizontally, laterally or upwardly, also fastening the units all vertically, or all horizontally. There are many ways of using the modern art siding units. To get an idea how they abut one another, either vertically or horizontally, refer to FIG. 8-FIG. 8 illustrates the vertical unit A2 abutting on the horizontal units A1.

To use the siding units on a wall or surface without employing any auxiliary members, the units can be fastened both vertically and horizontally together on the wall (or surface) fastening the units in the vertical position to cover the entire wall or surface, except on the top or bottom of windows, using the units horizontally on top and bottom edges of windows and abutting the'horizontal units to the oblique portion of the vertical units, will eliminate the employing of any additional members. The units can be abutted where vertical courses meet horizontal courses or horizontal courses meeting vertical courses. The modern art siding units are advantageous to work with, because of the many different ways in contrasting the patterns desired to choose, or taste, by application to surfaces, because of their flexibility and stretchability to contract or extend, or to turn corners which permits the installer to work with ease, without cutting or adding any shapes; also, are applicable one unit at a time, or, by chaining a great number of units together to cover long dimensions with said chain at one application to wall (or surface) interior or exterior. The modern art .siding units can also be colored into an immense variety of shades, as desired. Also, a wonderful idea for making use for outdoors or indoors, awnings, canopies, et cetera. There is no limitation in the use, or, in what the siding units can do; if desired, a padding of some sort can be applied or glued to siding unit, between wall surface and siding unit for extra insulation-but it is not necessary. Due to the siding-units, by their formation of alternating segments, they create a highly desirable (great) amount of air space in between the Wall and siding unit; they are automatic self-insulators and protectors for the surface which is being covered, and, reduces noise inside of buildings from the out-of-doors, and vice versa. An insulating monolithic effect against heat, cold, moisture, mildew or dampness to enter through the siding unit; furthermore, the siding units are fire and water resistive from without, economical from both a labor and material standpoint.

I claim as my invention a modern art siding:

face, comprising:

a modular panel having a plurality of convex crescentshaped elements of substantially equal length,

at least one crease for joining said crescent-shaped elements, are members integrally connected at the free ends of said crescent-shaped elements,

planar elements integrally connected at the free ends of said arc members at a substantially oblique angle thereto, the length of said are members and said planar elements being less than the length of said crescent-shaped elements,

retroverted joining slots disposed along the free ends of said planar elements for slidably engaging corresponding joining slots of adjacent sliding apparatus, and

means for securing the siding apparatus to a wall surface.

2. The siding apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said retroverted joining slot comprising:

an inner lip for placement adjacent to the wall having one end integrally connected to the free end of said planar element and including apertures,

an extending bracket integrally connected to the free end of said inner lip and positioned perpendicularly thereto, and

an outer lip disposed cantilevered from said bracket and parallel to said inner lip covering over the apertures of said inner lip.

3. The siding apparatus as recited in claim 2, wherein said inner lip includes circular recesses disposed around said apertures so that when said fastening means is driven through said apertures into a wall surface the top sur face of said fastening means will be flush with the surface of said inner lip.

4. The siding apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein said modular panel comprises an elastic material.

5. The siding apparatus as recited in claim 4, wherein said modular panel additionally comprises a malleable metallic material.

6. The siding apparatus as recited in claim 5, wherein a plurality of said modular panels are interconnected to form a plurality of interlocking modules and are positioned against the surface of the wall.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 308,826 12/1884 Butz 52630 443,322 12/1890 Kinnear 52278 X 740,843 10/1903 Friedley 52530 754,541 3/1904 Charlebois 52588 1,176,080 3/1916 Miller 52558 1,329,794 2/1920 Moomaw 52530 X 3,234,697 2/1966 ,Toti et a1. 52588 X 3,300,926 1/1967 Heirich 52588 X 3,388,515. 6/1968 Gruettner 52222 FOREIGN PATENTS 529,025 6/1954 Belgium 52588 ALFRED c. PERHAM, Primary Examiner 

